During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]
Other than; except for; instead of.
I don't want to go anywhere besides India.
I want to go with someone besides my father.
(now informal) Beside, next to.
1561, Geneva Bible, Acts 16:13,
And on the Sabbath day, we went out of the citie, beſides a riuer, where they were wont to pray : and we ſate downe, and ſpake vnto the women, which were come together.
adverb
(conjunctive) Also; in addition.
(conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.
I don't feel like going out tonight. Besides, I have to work tomorrow morning anyway.